Use
the jump menu below to browse through additional study resources,
including an extended bibliography, catalogue of Bronze Age
objects at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and study
images.
Bibliography
of Recommended Readings
(organized by session)
Sessions
2-3 Mon Sept 10, Wed Sept 12
Background:
Bryce, T. 1998 The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford:
Clarendon: 1-6
Chadwick, J. 1976 The Mycenaean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University:
15-33
Cullen, T. 2001 "Introduction: Voices and Visions of Aegean Prehistory,"1-18
in T. Cullen ed., Aegean Prehistory: A Review. Boston: Archaeological
Institute of America.
Ehrich, R. W. ed. 1992 Chronologies in Old World Archaeology (Third
Edition) Vols I and II. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Manning, S. W. 1995 The Absolute Chronology of the Aegean
Early Bronze Age: Archaeology, History, and Radiocarbon. Sheffield.
Manning, S. W. 1999 A Test of Time: The Volcano of Thera and the Chronology
and History of the Aegean and East Mediterranean in the Mid Second
Millennium B.C. Oxford.
Warren, P. and Hankey, V. 1989 Aegean Bronze Age Chronology. Bristol.
Models of trade:
Renfrew, C. 1975 "Trade as Action at a Distance: Questions of
Integration and Communication," Pp. 3-59 in J. A. Sabloff, and
C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky eds., Ancient Civilization and Trade. Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico. (see figure 10 for models of trade)
Sessions 4-5 Mo:n Sept 17, Wed Sept
19
Aegean:
Andreou, S., Fotiadis, M., and Kotsakis,
K. 2001 "The Neolithic
and Bronze Age of Northern Greece," 259-328 in T. Cullen ed.,
Aegean Prehistory: A Review. Boston: Archaeological Institute of America.
Le Brun, A. 1997 Khirokitia: A Neolithic Site. Nicosia: Bank of Cyprus
Cultural Foundation.
Todd, I. A. 1998 Kalavasos-Tenta. Nicosia: Bank of Cyprus Cultural
Foundation (contains good review of Neolithic).
Conferences on Cyprus Neolithic soon to be published contain most up-to-date
information (one held at Insitute of Cypriot Archaeology at SUNY-Albany
the other and more recent one at the Archaeological Research Unit,
University of Cyprus).
Hodder, Ian et al. 1996 On the Surface: Çatalhöyük
1993-95 (Çatalhöyük Project Volume I). Ankara: British
Institute of Archaeology at Ankara (please have a look at this to get
a sense of what is currently being done with the site before getting
into Mellaart’s earlier publications).
Mellaart, James 1967 Çatal Hüyük;
a neolithic town in Anatolia. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Todd, Ian A. 1976 Çatal Höyük
in Perspective. Menlo Park: Cummings.
Levant:
Banning, E. B. 1998 "The Neolithic Period: Triumphs of Architecture,
Agriculture, and Art," Near Eastern Archaeology 61 (4): 188-237.
Levy, T. E. ed. 1993 The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. London
and Washington: Leicester University Press: chs 7-13
Stern, Ephraim ed. 1994 The New Encyclopedia
of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy
Land (Volumes 1-4). Jerusalem: The Israel
Exploration Society & Carta.
Good source for concise summaries of key sites in region with bibliography.
Early Figurines and their meaning:
Talalay, Lauren 1993 Deities, Dolls, and Devices: Neolithic Figurines
from Franchthi Cave, Greece (Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece
9). Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University. (pp. 45-51 on
use and meaning of figurines at Franchthi)
Conkey, M. W. and Tringham, R. E. 1995 "Archaeology and the Goddess:
Exploring the Contours of Feminist Archaeology," esp pp. 212-229
(on interpretations of figurines) in D. C. Stanton and A. J. Stewart
eds., Feminisms in the Academy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
Voigt, M. M. 1983 Hadji Firuz Tepe, Iran: The Neolithic Settlement.
Philadelphia: The University Museum (pp. 186-195 on functional interpreations
of figurines).
Part II
Session 6 Mon Sept 24
Ebla:
Lucio, M. 1995 "Ebla: A Third Millennium City-State in Ancient
Syria," in Civilizations of the Ancient Near East Volume II: 1219-1230.
Matthiae, P. 1980 Ebla: An Empire Rediscovered. London: Hodder and
Stoughton. (esp pp. 65-104)
Mesopotamia:
Nissen, H. J. 1988 The Early History of the Ancient Near East 9000-2000
BC. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Egypt:
Kemp,
Barry J. 1991 Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization.
London and New York: Routledge.
Wright, M. 1985 "Contacts Between Egypt and Syro-Palestine During
the Protodynastic Period," Biblical Archaeologist 48: 240-253.
Wright, M. 1988 "Contacts Between Egypt and Syro-Palestine During
the Old Kingdom," Biblical Archaeologist 51: 143-161.
Session 7 Wed Sept 26
General Background and Bibliography:
Hägg, R. and Konsola, D. (eds.) 1986 Early Helladic Architecture
and Urbanization (Göteborg).
Renfrew, C. 1972 The Emergence of Civilization (London) 99-114.
Rutter, J. B. 1997 Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean. Trustees
of Dartmouth College. (http://devlab.dartmouth.edu/history/bronze_age/):
lessons 3, 5-6, 8
Warren, P. 1972 Myrtos (London).
Burials, metals, etc.:
Betancourt, P. P. 1985 The History of Minoan Pottery (Princeton).
Branigan, K. 1974 Aegean Metalwork of the Early and Middle Bronze Age
(Oxford).
Branigan, K. (ed.) 1998 Cemetery and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age
(Sheffield).
Nakou, G. 1995 "The Cutting Edge: A New Look at Early Aegean Metallurgy," Journal
of Mediterranean Archaeology 8:2: 1-32.
Pullen, D. J. 1990 "Early Helladic Burials at Asine and Early
Bronze Age Mortuary Practices," in R. Hägg and G. C. Nordquist
(eds.), Celebrations of Death and Divinity in the Bronze Age Argolid
(Stockholm) 9-12.
Rutter, J. B. 1993 "Early Helladic Pottery: Inferences about Exchange
and Production from Style and Clay Composition" in C. and P. Zerner
and J. Winder (eds.), Wace and Blegen:
Pottery as Evidence for Trade in the Aegean Bronze Age 1939-1989 (Amsterdam)
19-37.
van Andel, T. H. and Runnels, C. 1987 Beyond the Acropolis: A Rural
Greek Past (Stanford) 81-94.
Weinberg, S. S. 1969 "A Gold Sauceboat in the Israel Museum," Antike
Kunst 12: 3-8.
Seals and sealing practice:
Aruz, J. 1994 "Seal Imagery and Sealing Practices in the Early
Aegean World" pp. 211-235 in Ferioli, P., Fiandra, E., Fissore,
G. G., and Frangipane, M. eds., Archives Before Writing.
Rome: La Sapienza.
Blasingham, A. 1983 "The Seals from the Tombs of the Messara.
Inferences as to Kinship and Social Organization" pp. 11-21 in
in Krzyskowska, O. and Nixon, L. eds., Minoan Society. Bristol: University
of Bristol.
Heath, M. C. 1958 (also see Wiencke below – same author) "Early
Helladic Clay Sealings from the House of the Tiles at Lerna," Hesperia
27: 81-120. (problem – this issue of Hesperia is damaged – someone
has cut entire article as well as report on excavations at the site
out of journal – Butler is in process of getting a replacement
following my request).
Pullen, D. J. 1994 "A Lead Seal from Tsoungiza, Ancient Nemea,
and Early Bronze Age Aegean Sealing Systems," American Journal
of Archaeology 98: 35-52.
Weingarten, J. 1997 "Another Look at Lerna: An EH IIB Trading
Post?," Oxford Journal of Archaeology 16: 147-166.
Wiencke, M. H. 1969 "Further Seals and Sealings from Lerna," Hesperia
38: 500-521.
Yule, P. 1987 "Early and Middle Minoan Foreign Relations: the
Evidence from Seals," Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 26: 161-177.
Session 8 Mon Oct 1
General Background:
Barber, R. L. N. 1987 The Cyclades in the Bronze Age (Iowa City).
Cherry, J. F., J. L. Davis, and E. Mantzourani 1991 Landscape Archaeology
as Long-term History: Northern Keos in the Cycladic Islands (Los Angeles).
Davis, J. L. 1992 "Review of Aegean Prehistory I: The Islands
of the Aegean," American Journal of Archaeology 96: 699-756.
Rutter, J. B. 1997 Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean. Trustees
of Dartmouth College.
(http://devlab.dartmouth.edu/history/bronze_age/):
lessons 4 (Cyclades), 7 (with bibliography on Troy)
Cycladic Figurines:
Branigan, K. 1971 "Cycladic Figurines and their Derivatives in
Crete," Annual of the British School at Athens 66: 57-78.
Getz-Preziosi, P. 1982 "Risk and Repair in Early Cycladic Sculpture," Metropolitan
Museum Journal 16: 5-32.
Getz-Preziosi, P. 1985 Early Cycladic Sculpture: an Introduction (Malibu).
Hendrix, E. 1997/8 "Painted Ladies
of the Early Bronze Age,"
The MMA Bulletin (Winter 1997/8): 4-15.
Stone and metal:
Gale, N. H. and Stos-Gale, Z. A. 1984 "Cycladic Metallurgy," in
J. A.MacGillivray and R. L. N. Barber (eds.), The Prehistoric Cyclades
(Edinburgh) 255-276.
Renfrew, C. and Wagstaff, J. M. (eds.) 1982 An Island Polity: the Archaeology
of Exploitation in Melos (Cambridge).
Torrence, R. 1986 Production and Exchange of Stone Tools: Prehistoric
Obsidian in the Aegean (Cambridge).
Troy:
Aruz, J. 1986 "The 'Aegean' Pottery Impression from Troy IIB," Kadmos
25: 164-167.
Blegen, C. W. 1963 Troy and the Trojans (London).
Blegen, C. W. et al. 1950 Troy I: The First and Second Settlements
(Princeton).
Blegen, C. W. et al. 1951 Troy II: The Third, Fourth, and Fifth Settlements
(Princeton).
Korfmann, M. 1995 "Troia: A Residential and Trading City at the
Dardanelles," in R. Laffineur and W-D. Niemeier (eds.),
Politeia: Society and State in the Aegean
Bronze Age [Aegaeum 12] (Liìge)
I: 173-183.
Other Anatolia:
Mellink, Machteld J. 1992 "Anatolian Chronology," in R. W.
Ehrich, ed., Chronologies in Old World Archaeology 3rd., vol 1: pp.
207-220; vol 2: pp 171-84. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Warner, Jayne L. 1994 The early Bronze Age village of Karatas. Bryn
Mawr, PA: Dept. of Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology.
Session 9 Wed Oct 3
Anatolia
deJesus, P. S. 1980 The Development of Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy
in Anatolia (Oxford).
Goldman, H. 1956 Excavations at Gözlü Kule,
Tarsus II. Princeton, Princeton University.
Mellink, M. 1993 "The Anatolian South
Coast in the Early
Bronze Age: The Cilician Perspective," pp.
495-508 in M.
Frangipane, H. Hauptmann, M. Liverani, P. Matthiae, and M. Mellink
eds., Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains.
Rome: La Sapienza.
Weinberg, S. ed. 1956 The Aegean and the
Near East: studies presented to Hetty Goldman
on the occasion of her seventy-fifth birthday.
Locust
Valley, N.Y. : J. J. Augustin (article by Mellink on Alaca Höyük
burials).
Yakar, Jak 1985 The later prehistory of Anatolia: the late Chalcolilthic
and early Bronze Age. BAR international series, 268. Oxford: British
Archaeological Reports. (some problems with history of metallurgy,
but otherwise good survey)
Yenar, K. A. and Vandiver, P. B. 1993 "Tin Processing at Göltepe,
and Early Bronze Age Site in Anatolia," American Journal of Archaeology
97: 207-237 (with responses).
Cyprus
Karageorghis, V. 2000 Ancient Art from Cyprus: The Cesnola Collection.
New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art: 17-21, 27-31, 55-56.
Peltenberg, E. 1991 Lemba Archaeological
Project Volume II.2: A Ceremonial Area
at Kissonerga (Studies in Mediterranean
Archaeology LXX:3). Göteborg: Åströms.
Peltenberg, E. ed. 1989. Edinburgh University: Edinburgh (esp. article
by S. Swiny). Early Society in Cyprus
Webb, J. M. and Frankel, D. 1999 "Characterizing
the Philia
Facies: Material Culture, Chronology, and
the Origin of the Bronze Age in Cyprus," American
Journal of Archaeology 103: 3-43.
Session 10 Mon Oct 8
General Background:
Levy, T. E. 1986 "The Chalcolithic Period," Biblical Archaeologist
49:82-108.
Levy, T. E. "Cult, Metallurgy and Rank Socieites – Chalcolithic
Period (ca. 4500-3500 B.C.)" pp. 226-244 in Levy, T. E. ed.,
The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. London and Washington:
Leicester University Press.
Gophna, R. 1993 "Early Bronze Age Canaan: Some Spatial and Demographic
Observations" pp. 269-280 in Levy, T. E. ed.,
The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. London and Washington:
Leicester University Press.
Richard, S. 1987 "The Early Bronze Age: The Rise and Collapse
of Urbanism," Biblical Archaeologist 50 (1): 22-44.
Key Sites:
Amiran, R. B. et al. 1978 Early Arad: The Chalcolithic Settlement and
Early Bronze City, 1: First-Fifth Seasons of
Excavations, 1962-1966. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
Bar-Adon, P. 1980 The Cave of the Treasure: The Finds from the Caves
in Nahal Mishmar (Inna Pommerantz, trans.).
Judean Desert Studies. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
Gilead, I. 1987 "A new look at Chalcolithic Beer-Sheba," Biblical
Archaeologist 50:110-17.
Jidejian, N. 1968 Byblos Through the Ages. Beirut: Dar El-Machreq.
Miroschedji, P. de 1999 "Yarmouth: The Dawn of City-States in
Southern Canaan," Near Eastern Archaeology 62.1: 2-21.
Sanctuaries:
Amiran, R. B. 1981 "Some observations on Chalcolithic and Early
Bronze Age sanctuaries and religion," In A. Biran, ed.,
Temples and High Places in Biblical Times. Colloquium in Honor of the
Centennial of Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, Jerusalem,
1977, pp. 47-53. Jerusalem: Hebrew Union College.
Seals:
Ben-Tor, A. 1985 "Glyptic Art of Early Bronze Age Palestine and
its Foreign Relations," Pp. 1-25 in E. Lipinski ed., The Land
of Israel. Leuven: Peeters.
Part III
Sessions 11-12 Wed Oct 10, Mon Oct 15
General Background:
Higgins, R. 1981 Minoan and Mycenaean Art. New York and Toronto: Oxford
University. General coverage, text somewhat out-of-date.
Rehak, P. and Younger, J. G. 2001 "Neopalatial, Final Palatial,
and Postpalatial Crete," 383-473 in T. Cullen ed., Aegean Prehistory:
A Review. Boston: Archaeological Institute of America.
Rutter, J. B. 1997 Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean. Trustees
of Dartmouth College. (http://devlab.dartmouth.edu/history/bronze_age/):
lessons 10-12, 14-15
Watrous, L. V. 2001 "Crete from Earliest Prehistory through the
Protopalatial Period," 157-223 in T. Cullen ed., Aegean Prehistory:
A Review. Boston: Archaeological Institute of America.
Atlas of Crete:
Cadogan, G. et al. 1992 The Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete. Berkeley.
Compendia of Seals and Scripts
Godart, L. 1982 Recueil des inscriptions en Liniaire A (several volumes).
Paris.
Olivier, J.-P. 1996 Corpus Hieroglyphicarum Inscriptionum Cretae. Paris.
Pini, I et al. Corpus der Minoischen und Mykenischen Siegel (several
volumes).
Palaces:
Cadogan, G. 1980 Palaces of Minoan Crete. London.
Evans, A. 1921-35 The Palace of Minos. London: Macmillan.
Graham, J. W. 1987 The Palaces of Crete. Princeton: Princeton University.
Hägg, R. and Marinatos, N. 1987 The
Function of the Minoan Palaces. Stockholm.
Frescoes:
Cameron, M. and Hood, S. 1967 Knossos Fresco Atlas. Farnborough: Gregg.
Immerwahr, S. A. 1990 Aegean Painting in the Bronze Age. University
Park.
Pottery:
Betancourt, P. 1985 The History of Minoan Pottery. Princeton.
Walberg, G. 1987 Kamares. Göteborg.
Sanctuaries:
Hägg, R. et al. 1980 Sanctuaries and Cults in the Aegean Bronze
Age. Stockholm.
Session 13 Wed Oct 17
General Background:
Bryce, T. 1998 The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Clarendon: 21-43,
on indoeuropeans see 7-20.
Gurney, O. R. 1990 (1952) The Hittites. Penguin: London: 12-16, 97-108
(origins and languages).
Larsen, Mogens Trolle 1974 The City and
its king: On the Old Assyrian notion of
kingship. In Garelli, Paul, ed., Le palais
et la royauté.
RAI, 19, pp. 285-300. Paris: Paul Geuthner.
Larsen, M. T. 1976 The Old Assyrian City-State and its Colonies. Copenhagen:
Akademisk.
Veenhof, K. R. 1972 Aspects of Old Assyrian Trade and its Terminology.
Leidon: Brill.
Veenhof, K. R. 1982 "The Old Assyrian
Merchants and Their Relations with the
Native Population of Anatolia,"
Mesopotamien und seine Nachbarn. Berlin: 147-160.
Writing and Seals:
Hawkins, D. 1986 "Writing in Anatolia: Imported and Indigenous
Systems," World Archaeology 9: 135-149.
Larsen, M. T. 1977 Seal use in the Old Assyrian Period. In Gibson,
McGuire and Biggs, Robert D., eds., Seals and Sealing in the Ancient
Near East. Bibliotheca Mesopotamica, 6, pp. 89-105. Malibu, California:
Undena.
Leinwand, Nancy 1992 "Regional characteristics in the styles and
iconography of the seal impressions of Level II at Kültepe," Journal
of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of
Columbia University 21: 141-72.
Özgüç, Nimet 1965 The Anatolian Group of Cylinder Seal Impressions
from Kültepe. Anakara.
Özgüç, Nimet 1968 Seals and Seal Impressions of Level 1b from
Karum Kanish. Ankara.
Özgüç, N. 1979 "Gods and Goddesses with Identical Attributes
During the Period of Old Assyrian Trade Colonies," in Floilegium Anatolicum – Melanges
Offerts a Emmanuel Laroche. Paris: 277-288.
Özgüç, N. 1980 "Seal Impressions from the Palaces of Acemhöyük," pp.
61-86 in E. Porada ed., Ancient Art in Seals. Princeton: Princeton University.
Özgüç, Nimet 1991 "The Composite Creatures in Anatolian
Art During the Period of Assyrian Trading Colonies," in H. I. H. Prince
Takahito ed., Essays on Anatolian Studies in the Second Millennium B.C. Wiesbaden:
293-317.
Özgüç, Tahsin 1964 "The Art of Ancient Kanish," Anatolia
8: 27-48.
Language and the Indoeuropean questions:
Mallory, J. P. 1989 In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology
and Myth. Thames and Hudson: London.
Singer, Itamar 1981 "Hittites and Hattians in Anatolia at the
Beginning of the Second Millennium B.C.," Journal of Indo-European
Studies 9: 119-133. (Also see other articles by Yakar, Mellart, etc.
in same issue of JIES).
Steiner, G. 1990 "The Immigration of the First Indo-Europeans
into Anatolia Reconsidered," Journal of Indo-European Studies
18: 185-214.
Kültepe (Kanesh):
Larsen, M. T. 1982 Your money or your life!
A portrait of an Assyrian business-man.
In Postgate, J. N., ed., Societies and
Languages of the
Ancient Near East: Studies in Honour of I. M. Diakonoff, pp. 214-45.
Warminster: Aris & Phillips.
Özgüç, T. 1959, 1986 Kültepe Kanish reports – Ankara.
Özgüç, T. 1988 "Kültepe and Anatolian Archaeology
Relating to the Old Assyrian Period," in H. I. H. Prince Takahito ed., Essays
on Anatolian Studies in the Second Millennium B.C. Wiesbaden: 1-21.
Veenhof, Klaas 1995 "Kanesh: An Assyrian Colony in Anatolia," in
J. Sasson et al. eds., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East
Vol. II. New York: Scribners: 859-871.
Textiles:
Barber, E. J. W. 1991 Prehistoric Textiles: The Development of Cloth
in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Session 14 Mon Oct 22
Compendia (containing useful summaries
of key sites)
Meyers, E. M. ed. 1997 The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the
Near East (Volumes 1-5). New York: Oxford University Press.
Pedersén, Olof 1998 Archives and
Libraries in the Ancient Near East 1500-300
B.C. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press.
Sasson, J. M. et al. eds., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East (four
volumes). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Veenhof, K. R. ed. 1986 Cuneiform Archives and Libraries.
Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul.
Byblos:
Jidejian, N. 1968 Byblos through the ages. Beirut, Dar el-Machreq,
Librairie Orientale.
Saghieh, M. 1983 Byblos in the Third Millennium B.C. Warminster: Aris
and Phillips.
Alalakh:
Collon, D. 1975 The Seal Impressions from Tell Atchana/Alalakh. Alter
Orient und Altes Testament Bd. 27. Kevelaer: Butzon and Bercker.
Magness-Gardiner, B. 1990 "The function of cylinder seals in Syrian
palace archives," In T. G. Palaima, ed., Aegean Seals, Sealings
and Administration: Proceedings of the NEH-Dickson Conference of the
Program in Aegean Scripts and Prehistory of the Department of Classics,
University of Texas at Austin, January 11-13, 1989. AEGAEUM, 5, pp.
61-82. Liège: Université de Liège.
Magness-Gardiner, B. 1994 "Urban-Rural Relations in Bronze Age
Syria: Evidence from Alalakh Level VII Palace Archives," pp. 37-47
in g. M. Schwartz and S. E. Falconer eds., Archaeological Views from
the Countryside: Village Communities in Early Complex Societies. Washington,
D.C.: Smithsonian Institution (In Syro-Palestinian Reader).
Woolley, L. 1955 Alalakh: an account of the excavations at Tell Atchana
in the Hatay, 1937-1949. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Mari:
Pardee, D. and Glass, J. T. 1984 "The Mari Archives," Biblical
Archaeologist 47 (2): 88-100.
Doumas, C. 1992 The wall paintings of Thera. Athens.
Immerwahr, S. A. 1990 Aegean Painting in the Bronze Age. University
Park.
Morgan, L. 1988 The Miniature Wall Paintings of Thera. Cambridge.
Aegean islands:
Davis, J. "The Islands of the Aegean," 19-94
in T. Cullen ed., Aegean Prehistory: A
Review. Boston: Archaeological Institute
of America.
Keos excavations are published in several volumes (good site for research
project).
Manning, S. W. 1999 A Test of Time: The Volcano of Thera and the Chronology
and History of the Aegean and East Mediterranean in the Mid Second
Millennium B.C. Oxford.
Session 17 Wed Oct 31
General Background:
Higgins, R. 1981 Minoan and Mycenaean Art. New York and Toronto: Oxford
University. General coverage, text somewhat out-of-date.
Vermeule, E. 1972 Greece in the Bronze Age. Chicago and London: University
of Chicago.
Kingship:
Wright, J. C. 1995 "From Chief to King in Mycenaean Greece," pp.
63-80 in P. Rehak ed., The Role of the Ruler in the
Prehistoric Aegean (Aegeaum 11). Liège: Université de
Liège.
Part IV
Sessions
18-19 Wed Nov 7, Mon Nov 12
General Background:
Chadwick, J. 1976 Mycenaean Greece. Cambridge.
Higgins, R. 1981 Minoan and Mycenaean Art. New York and
Toronto: Oxford University. General coverage, text somewhat out-of-date.
Vermeule, E. 1972 Greece in the Bronze Age. Chicago and London: University
of Chicago.
Linear B:
Chadwick, J. (and Ventris, M.) 1976 Documents in Mycenaean Greek. Cambridge:
Cambridge University.
Duhoux, Y., Palaima, Thomas G., and Bennet,
John eds., Ed. 1989 Problems in Decipherment.
Bibliothéque des cahiers de l'institut
de linguistique de Louvain. Louvain-la-neuve,
Peeters.
Hooker, J. T. 1980 Linear B: an introduction. Bristol, Bristol Classical.
Palaima, T. G. 1988 The Scribes of Pylos. Rome, Edizioni dell'Ateneo.
Palaces:
Blegen, C. 1966-1973 The Palace of Nestor. Princeton University.
Evans, A. 1921-35 The Palace of Minos. London: Macmillan.
Mylonas, G. 1957 Ancient Mycenae.Princeton University.
Rehak, Paul, ed. 1995 The Role of the Ruler in the Prehistoric Aegean.
Aegaeum 11. Université de Liège and University of Texas
at Austin.
Shelmerdine, C. W. and Palaima, T. G. 1984 Pylos Comes Alive. Fordham
University: New York.
Pottery:
Mountjoy, P. 1993 Mycenaean Pottery: An Introduction. Oxford.
Religion:
Renfrew, C. 1985 The Archaeology of Cult: The Sanctuary at Phylakopi
(British School of Archaeology at Athens Supplementary Volume no. 18).
London: Thames and Hudson. (read pp. 1-26).
Sessions 20-21 Wed Nov 14, Mon Nov 19
General background:
Biblical Archaeologist 52 (1989): entire issue on Hittites
Bryce, T. 1998 The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Clarendon.
Gurney, O. R. 1990 The Hittites. London: Penguin. (Ch. II: Hittite
State and Society; other sections optional)
Güterbock, H. G. 1974 "The Hittite Palace," in P. Garelli
ed., Le Palais et le royauté. Paris: 305-314 (introduction to
Hittite palace through detailed textual sources).
Sasson, Jack M. ed. 1995 Civilizations
of the Ancient Near East Volume I. New
York: Simon and Schuster MacMillan. (see
pp. 529-586 on Anatolia – this
series also has articles on Mitanni (Hurrians), Mari, Ugarit, etc. – a
good place to review major ANE cultures)
Wilhelm, G. 1989 The Hurrians. Warminster: Aris and Phillips.
Hittite Art:
Canby, J. 1989 "Hittite Art," Biblical
Archaeologist 52: 109-129. (other articles
in same volume about Hittites)
Key sites:
Alexander, Robert L. 1986 The Sculpture and Sculptors of Yazilikaya.
Newark: University of Delaware.
Mellink, M. J. 1970 "Observations on the Sculptures of Alaca Hüyük," Anatolia
(Anadolu) 14: 15-27.
Neve, P. 1992 Hattusa – Stadt der Götter
und Tempel. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp
von Zabern (in German, but with excellent
photographs).
Özgüç, T. 1988 Inandiktepe: An Important Cult Center in the
Old Hittite Period. Ankara.
Yakar, J. 1996 "Hattusa-Bogazköy: Aspects of Hittite Architecture," 53-68
in J. G. Westenholz ed., Royal Cities of the Biblical World. Jerusalem:
Bible Lands Museum.
Aegean connections:
Niemeier, W.-D. 1998 "The Mycenaeans in Western Anatolia and the
Problem of the Origins of the Sea Peoples," in S.
Gitin, A. Mazar, and E. Stern eds., Mediterranean Peoples in Transition:
Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration
Society: 17-65.
Session 22 Wed Nov 21
More on Amarna:
Kemp, B. J. 1991 "Egypt in microcosm: the city of El-Amarna," 261-317
in Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. London: Routledge (introduction
to Egyptian palace and city of El-Amarna).
Redford, D. B. 1984 Akhenaten: The Heretic King. Princeton: Princeton
University.
Trade and interaction with Aegean and Levant
Hankey, V. 1981 "The Aegean Interest in El Amarna," Journal
of Mediterranean Anthropology and Archaeology 1: 38-49.
Merrillees, R. S. and Winter, J. 1972 "Bronze
Age Trade between the Aegean and Egypt:
Minoan and Mycenaean
Pottery from Egypt in Brooklyn," Pp.
101-133 in Miscellanea Wilbouriana 1. Brooklyn:
The Brooklyn Museum.
Rothenberg, B. 1988 The Egyptian mining
temple at Timna. London (not to be confused
with Tel Batash, which is synonymous with
the ancient
site of Timnah – with an "h" at the end).
Rutter 1997: lesson 22
Session 23 Mon Nov 26
More on Ugarit:
Yon, M. 1997 La cité d’Ougarit sur le tell de Ras Shamra.
Paris.
van Soldt, W. H. 1995 "Ugarit: A Second Millennium Kingdom on
the Mediterranean Coast," pp. 1255-1266 in J. M. Sasson ed., Civilizations
of the Ancient Near East Volume II. New York:
Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Tarsus and Cilicia:
Goldman, H. 1950-63 Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus. Princeton:
Princeton University Press. (Volume II is on the Late Bronze Age levels
at the site)
Slane, D. A. 1987 Middle and Late Bronze
Age Architecture and Pottery in Gözlü Küle,
Tarsus: A New Analysis. Ph.D. Dissertation,
Bryn Mawr College (see Prof. Smith if you are interested in Tarsus).
Session 24 Wed, Nov 28
General Background
Albert Leonard, Jr. 1989 "The Late Bronze Age," Biblical
Archaeologist 52 (1): 4-39.
Key Sites:
James, F. W. and McGovern, P. E. 1993 The Late Bronze
Egyptian Garrison at Beth Shean: A Study of Levels VII and VIII. Volumes
I-II. University Museum Monograph 85. Philadelphia: The University
Museum.
Yadin, Y. 1975 Hazor: The Rediscovery of a Great Citadel of the Bible.
London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Session 25 Mon,
General background:
Karageorghis, V. 1982 Cyprus: From the Stone Age to the Romans. London:
Thames and Hudson. Somewhat out-of-date text for archaeology of Cyprus.
Karageorghis, V. 2000 Ancient Art from Cyprus: The Cesnola Collection.
New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art: 11-13, 24-26, 36-75.
Knapp, A. B. 1997 The archaeology of late Bronze Age Cypriot society
: the study of settlement, survey and landscape. Glasgow: Dept. of
Archaeology, University of Glasgow.
Key sites
South, A. K. 1989 "From Copper to Kingship: aspects of Bronze
Age society viewed from the Vasilikos Valley," 315-324 in E. Peltenberg
ed., Early Society in Cyprus. Edinburgh: University
of Edinburgh.
Dikaios, P. 1969-1971 Enkomi: Excavations 1948-1958. Mainz: Philipp
von Zabern.
Karageorghis, V. 1976 Kition: Mycenaean and Phoenician. London.
Maier, F. G. and Karageorghis, V. 1985 Paphos: History and Archaeology.
Nicosia.
Todd, I. A. et al. 1992 "Excavations at Sanida," Report of
the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus: 75-112 (also see 1991 and 1993
RDACs for other preliminary reports).
Trade:
Porada, E. 1981 "The Cylinder Seals Found at Thebes in Boeotia," Archiv
für Orientforschung 28: 1-78.
Zaccagnini, C. 1986 "Aspects of Copper Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean
During the Late Bronze Age," in M. Marazzi, S. Tusa, and L. Vagnetti
eds., Traffici Micenei nel Mediterraneo.
Taranto: 413-424.
Sessions 26-27 Wed Dec 5, Mon Dec 10
Bass,
G. F. et al. 1967 Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck
(Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57
part 8).
Dothan, T. 1992 The People of the Sea: The Search for the Philistines.
New York: Macmillan.
Drews, Robert 1993 The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and
the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C. Princeton: Princeton University Press
(not my view, but readable and entertaining).
Karageorghis, V. and Kassianidou, V. 1999 "Metalworking and Recycling
in Late Bronze age Cyprus – the Evidence from Kition," Oxford
Journal of Archaeology 18: 171-188.
Sherratt, E. S. 1991 "Cypriot Pottery of Aegean Type in LCII-III:
Problems of Classification, Chronology and Interpretation," in
J. A. Barlow, D. L. Bolger, and B. Kling eds., Cypriot Ceramics: Reading
the Prehistoric Record. Philadelphia: 185-198.
1985.356.73 Porphyry pendant in shape of animal head, Syria
1985.356.47, .59, .64, .75 Beads of chalcedony, chlorite, serpentine
from Syria
Early
Bronze Age
Aegean
Helladic (Mainland Greece)
Room 1
L.1996.23.2
Gold sauceboat, EHII (on gold sauceboat see Weinberg
1969 on Session 4 handout)
46.11.1
Silver bowl, said to have been found in Euboea, ECI
type
1972.118.152
Silver bowl, said to have been found in Euboea, ECI
type
Minoan
(Crete)
Room
1
1907.07.232.14 Vasiliki ware beak spouted jar from Vasiliki, EMII
1926.26.31.439 Vasiliki ware footed cup from Vasiliki, EMII
1926.26.31.438 Vasiliki ware spouted cup from Vasiliki, EMII
14.89.1 Vasiliki ware spouted cup from Priniatikos Pyrgos, EMII
26.31.432 Marble spouted dish, EMII-MMI
24.150.3 Chlorite spouted bowl with flanges, from Vasiliki, EMII
26.31.429 Steatite vase with spout and lugs, EMII-MMI
1925.25.78.8-13 + 1926.26.31.418-.424, .427, .502, .508, .509 Gold
ornaments ranging in date from EMII-II to LM
Room 7
L.1994.96.13 Vasiliki ware spouted vessel, EMII
Cycladic (Cyclades)
Room 1
(On the marble figures, see articles by Getz-Preziosi and Hendrix
in Aegean Reader)
L.1997.70 Marble Cycladic female figurine, ECI (Columbia University
loan)
45.11.18 Marble Plastiras type figure, ECI
1977.187.11 Marble Chalandriani type figure, ECII
69.61.1 Marble Spedos type figure head, ECII
1977.187.10a,b Marble Kapsala figure type, ECII
34.11.3
Marble Kapsala figure type, ECII
69.11.5 Marble Spedos figure type head and neck, ECII
(on the Pratt ivories and other material from Acemhöyük see
summary by Mellink in American Journal of Archaeology 1969: 285-287
with further references)
Room 1
36.122 Serpentine axe head, probably from Troad
Room 3
37.143.2 Ivory furniture element of kneeling male figure, Acemhöyük,
Old Assyrian colony period
36.152.8a,b Ivory furniture element with
a monkey, Acemhöyük,
Old Assyrian colony period
36.70.11 Ivory furniture plaque with sphinx
with Hathor style curls, Acemhöyük,
Old Assyrian colony period
66.245.8 Cuneiform tablet, from Kültepe
(Karum Kanesh), Old Assyrian colony period.
Request that clothing be sent from Ashur
to Anatolia.
Room 5
1983.135.4a-c Cuneiform tablet and envelope from Kültepe (Karum
Kanesh), Old Assyrian colony period. Letter from Ashur-muttabbil to
Walhishna and Kunaniya
Room 7
L.1994.92.1-.2 Stone moulds for lead figures, divinities, central Anatolia
L.1994.101.2 Hematite cylinder seal with weather god on bull, approaching
seated deity
L.1994.101.1 Hematite cylinder seal showing deity in a wagon, central
Anatolia
1991.368.3 Green quartzite cylinder seal
showing goddess leading worshipper to seated
deity, central Anatolia (actual impression
of this seal found
on tablets – unusual)
99.22.3 Steatite stamp seal with knob handle, bird of prey between
two horned animals, central Anatolia
36.70.17, .19, .20-.21, .24, .27, .30, .32-.33;
37.143.33-.34 Nodule type stamp seal impressed clay sealings, designs
of radiating griffins and interlace patterns, Acemhöyük,
interconnections with Minoan glyptic
66.245.17a,b/66.245.17a,b Cuneiform tablet about loan of silver, envelope
impressed by four seals, one with chariot scene, Kultepe
1977.371 Cuneiform tablet and envelope with seal impression, weather
god on bull, approaching seated deity, Kultepe
66.245.16a,b Cuneiform tablet and envelope with seal impression showing
processions to seated deity, text about loan of silver, Kultepe
66.245.5a,b Cuneiform tablet and envelope, record of court testimony,
Kultepe
67.182.1-.3 Old Hittite period vessels – cup with handle, ram’s
head, boot – Alishar III type
36.70.3 Hippo ivory furniture element,
bull man with Hathor style curls, Acemhöyük
36.152.10 ivory furniture element, human
head, Acemhöyük
32.161.46-.47, 36.70.1, .8 Hippo ivory
and gold foil furniture supports, sphinxes
with Hathor style curls, Acemhöyük
Cyprus
Room 2
see Cesnola collection catalogue (Karageorghis 2000)
Room 3
74.51.4438 Hematite weight in shape of a duck. Mesopotamia, Iran or
Cyprus (Cesnola collection)
74.51.4428, .4430, .4434, .4436 Hematite stone weights, western Asia
(Cesnola collection)
74.51.4441 Hematite small weights in shape of frogs. Mesopotamia, Iran,
or Cyprus (Cesnola collection)
L.1999.68.8 Black stone cylinder seal, Syrian. Rows of animals, falcons
flanking a goat, Taweret
L.1992.43 Hematite cylinder seal, Syrian. With Aegean elements (acrobats
and bull), weather god.
66.76.2 Hematite cylinder seal, Syrian. Animal combat with lion and
goats, sphinx on a snake
1992.42 Gold diadem with attached ram’s heads. Egypt or southern
Levant, second intermediate period, Dyn 15-16. Hyksos style. Hollow
repoussé…
Room 5
1991.368.1 Hematite cylinder seal, Old Babylonian, Syria or Mesopotamia.
Worshipper and sun god, king, bull man, lion man
1989.361.2 Hematite cylinder seal,Syria. Weather gods flanking heraldic
griffins and tree below winged sun disk and ibexes
Room 6
1985.262.2 Bronze royal or divine figure with high conical headdress,
Levant
L.1999.84.4 Hematite cylinder seal, human and goat heads in four registers,
Syria (Kelekian coll)
68.155 Cult vessel in form of tower with cylinder seal impression near
top, Old Babylonian, Syria, seal in Syro-Anatolian style (barely visible
to museum viewer)
Egypt
Room 3
22.1.154a,b Ivory magical wand with Taweret and Bes. Egypt, Lisht,
North Pyramid cemetery, Tomb 475, Pit 885, Middle Kingdom, Dyn 12-13
(in same case are other Bes and Taweret objects)
16.10.475 Wood and ivory game box with lions and horned animals. Egypt,
Thebes. Second Intermediate period-New Kingdom, Hyksos style.
26.7.21 Lapis lazuli cylinder. Middle Kingdom,
Dyn 13, reign of Shetep-ib-Re’ II.
Inscription – connection between goddess Hathor and Syr-Pal site
of Byblos
Room 6
15.3.1687 Tell el Yahudiyeh ware fish shaped vessel, Lisht, Egypt,
N Pyramid cemetery, Dyn 15-17 (2nd intermediate period)
23.3.39 Tell el Yahudiyeh ware goose shaped vessel, Thebes, Deir el
Bahari, tomb 61, Dyn 156-17
23.3.40 Tell el Yahudiyeh ware double vessel with incised lotus and
spirals, Thebes, Deir el Bahari, Dyn 15-17
Late
Bronze Age
Aegean
Helladic (also see Cyprus Rooms 1 and 2 for
more Mycenaean material)
Room 1
14.147.2 Large three-handled jar with nautilus decoration, LHIIIA
1972.118.137 Stemmed kylix with murex decoration, LHIIIA
09.221.42 Kylix with murex decoration, LHIIIA
53.11.6 Stirrup jar with octopus and fish, LHIIIC
12.229.7 Kylix with murex decoration, LHIIIA
07.263.2 Small Mycenaean stirrup jar, LHIIIA
06.1021.3a,b
Ceramic basket vase, said to be from Rhodes, LHIIIA
59.11.26 Terracotta sheep or bull, LHIIIA
36.11.6 Terracotta bull figure, LHIIIA
35.11.16-.18 Three terracotta Mycenaean female figures, LHIIIA (phi
and tau types)
1989.281.17 Silver seated female figure, central Anatolia
1989.281.10 Silver and gold inlay vessel ending in forepart of a stag
with cult scene depicted around vessel, central Anatolia
1989.281.11 Silver vessel ending in forepart
of a bull, central Anatolia (storm god’s
vessel?)
L.1998.15 Silver, copper cylinder seal with king in front of god below
winged disk, Anatolia or north Syria
1985.263 Gold appliqué perhaps from
pommel, central Anatolia
Cyprus
Room 1
74.51.966 Mycenaean chariot krater, LHIIIB
74.51.777, .778, .1391 Mycenaean three one-handled cups, LHIIIA
74.51.758 Mycenaean globular flask, LHIIIA
74.51.750 Mycenaean beak spouted jug, LHIIIB
74.51.749
Mycenaaen miniature one handled cup, LHIIIB
74.51.1711 Mycenaean female figure in three legged chair, LHIIIB
74.51.3149 Mycenaean silver pin with seven petals and bead and reel
shaft
Room 2
see Cesnola collection catalogue (Karageorghis 2000)
Room 3
L.1994.97.5 Hematite cylinder seal with Aegean elements. Bes flanked
by male figures dressed like Minoan genii, Cypriot signs
L.1994.101.8 Hematite cylinder seal. Eastern Aegean or Cyprus. Aegean
style.
Syria-Palestine (also look at Kassite
and Middle Assyrian cylinder seals from
Mesopotamia if you see them – iconographic
connections with Mediterranean, but not
directly in geographic area of this course)
Room 3
1987.219 Bronze figure, Levant. Smiting weather god or warrrior with
horned headgear.
32.18.3 Bronze enthroned deity, Levant.
Room 5
L.1991.91.1 Frit cylinder seal, Mitannian (North Mespotamian), weather
god on lion dragon
1986.42 Bronze smiting god wearing Egyptian Atef crown, Levant
66.104.2 Bronze figure of goddess wearing headdress surmounted by a
bird, Levant
1985.61.12-.15
Nuzi ware vessel fragments, Tell al Rimah (Mitannian)
L.1991.17
Nuzi ware vase with frieze of waterfowl, rosettes, Syria
(Mitannian)
Egypt
Room 3
50.198.2 Ivory vessel with rampant goats and olive trees. Egypt, allegedly
Helmaya. Levantine with Aegean elements.
07.228.19 Silver vase with priestess worshipping Hathor, New Kingdom,
Dyn 19. Tell Basta Treasure.
07.228.20 Silver bowl with agricultural scenes, New Kingdom, Dyn 19.
Tell Basta Treasure.
07.228.187 Silver jug with marsh scenes. Inscribed. New Kingdom, Dyn
19. Tell Basta Treasure.
26.7.1175 Glassy faience goblet with gold. Egypt, Dyn 18, Thutmose
III.
24.2.11 Cuneiform tablet from Tell el Amarna, Palace of Akhenaten.
Middle Assyrian, reign of Assur-Uballit. About gift of chariot, two
horses, and lapis lazuli.
26.7.969 Wall tile with fettered Asiatic captive. Polychrome faience.
Egypt, Thebes. Palace of Ramses III, Medinet Habu, Dyn 20.
35.1.53, .62, .64 Tile fragments: heads and patterened garments of
foreign captives. Glazed ceramic. Egypt, Kantir, Palace of Ramses II,
Dyn 19.
Room 6
1990.232 Schist fragment of scupted statue base showing Asiatic prisoner,
New Kingdom, Ramesside
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